Innovation of Bed in Modern Era

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Stacking and Storage of Cement

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Cement should be stored in a building or a shed which is dry, leakproof and as moisture proof as possible. The building or shed for storage should have minimum number of windows and close fitting doors and these should be kept closed as far as possible.   Cement should be stored and stacked in bags and should be kept free from the possibility of any dampness or moisture coming in contact with them. Cement bags should be stacked off the floor on wooden planks in such a way as to keep about 150 mm to 200 mm clear above the floor. The floor may comprise of lean cement concrete or two layers of dry bricks laid on well consolidated earth. A space of 600  mm minimum should be left around between the exterior walls and the stacks. The height of stack should not be more than 10 bags. he width of the stack shall be not more than four bags length or 3 metres. In stacks more than 8 bags high, the cement bags shall be arranged alternately length-wise and cross-wise so as ...
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ESTIMATION OF CIVIL WORK

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ESTIMATION Estimate is a calculation of various items of an engineering works so as to know its approximate cost and quantities of various kinds of materials required with labour involved for its satisfactory completion. Purpose of Estimating 1-To ascertain the necessary amount of money required by the owner/contractor to complete the proposed work. 2-For public construction works, estimates are required in order to obtain administrative approval, allotment of funds and technical sanction. 3-To ascertain quantities of materials required in order to program their timely procurement. 4-To calculate the number of different categories of workers that are to be employed to complete the work within the scheduled time of completion. 5-To assess the requirements of Tools, Plants and equipment required to complete the work according to the program.  6-To fix up the completion period from the volume of works involve in the estimate.  7-To draw up a construction sc...
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